Latin America and the Caribbean Code Against Cancer 1st edition: Building capacity on cancer prevention to primary healthcare professionals.

INTRODUCTION: Every year 1.5 million new cancer cases are diagnosed in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Of these, about 40 % could be prevented. Health illiteracy has been identified as a main barrier for cancer prevention. Primary healthcare professionals (HCP) are key in cancer prevention as they are the first entry point of the population into the healthcare system. The LAC Code Against Cancer 1st edition aims to improve health literacy and awareness of cancer prevention in the LAC population, through building capacity of primary HCP. METHODS: The definition and development of the learning objectives, curriculum, structure, and evaluation of an online learning program for primary HCP was led by a dedicated group of experts from the LAC Code Against Cancer project. A pedagogical guideline and a template to ensure harmonization across topics were produced to guide the program development. Two rounds of internal revisions and an editorial process were performed. RESULTS: An online competency-based microlearning program for primary HCP was produced, taking the LAC Code Against Cancer as a basis. The competences addressed in the curriculum are core knowledge, communication skills, decision-making and applying knowledge to real-world situations. A comprehensive evaluation to assess acquisition of these competences, based on the Miller's Pyramid, was designed with three data collection points: a) immediately before, to assess baseline knowledge and skills; b) immediately after, to determine acquired competences; and c) at 3-6 months follow-up, to assess performance in daily practice. The e-learning will be freely available in the Virtual Campus for Public Health of the Pan American Health Organization in Spanish, English, and Portuguese. CONCLUSION: Primary HCP, perceived as trustworthy sources of information, are key actors to increase the population's awareness and literacy on cancer prevention. Building capacity of these professionals has the potential to increase dissemination and impact of the LAC Code Against Cancer by prompting communication with the public and offering personalized actionable preventive messages through counselling.

Latin America and the Caribbean Code Against Cancer 1st edition: Formative research on the comprehension and persuasiveness of the recommendations by the general population.

BACKGROUND: Cancer prevention is the most efficient and cost-effective strategy in cancer control. One prevention strategy is giving credible, clear, and evidence-based recommendations to the individual; however, it is key that these messages are accepted and understood properly by the public. This study aimed to pilot the draft recommendations developed as part of the Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) Code Against Cancer 1st edition, in terms of comprehension and persuasion of each message. METHODS: A mixed method two-wave study, in which two versions of the messages were presented to the general population in five LAC countries. We used an ad-hoc questionnaire and interviews that followed the cognitive-pretesting methodology. RESULTS: Findings suggest that the messages were generally well understood, especially in Spanish speaking countries, and that the messages were generally more understandable than persuasive. We adapted and revised the recommendations based on the findings of the first Wave and held a second iteration in the Spanish speaking countries. We observed a better understanding of most messages in Wave 2. CONCLUSION: The LAC Code Against Cancer is a valuable tool of well understood messages for the public, with concrete actions everyone can take to prevent cancer. Further research should assess particularities of the region for further efficient dissemination of these important health messages, identify key messages for certain population groups and future interventions that strengthen health literacy in rural and less educated populations to increase behavior change.

Political quarrel overshadows vaccination advocacy: How the vaccine debate on Brazilian Twitter was framed by anti-vaxxers during Bolsonaro administration.

Despite Brazil's tradition of successful mass immunization programs, the country has been experiencing alarming declines in vaccination coverage, especially among children. That is aggravated by the growth of anti-vaccine movements and the spread of health misinformation in social media in the last decade, which have worsened during the COVID-19 outbreak. Several reports link populism and far-right politicians to anti-vaccination support worldwide, which was also the case in Brazil during president Jair Bolsonaro's administration. This project aimed to identify the circulating pro and anti-vaccine narratives in Portuguese on Twitter, during a crucial decision-making period regarding childhood vaccination in Brazil, from December 9, 2021, until February 9, 2022. From the over one million tweets and four million retweets collected, we identified two well-defined groups, one in favor and another against vaccination. Within the sample, we selected 1500 influencer tweets with the highest impact (>500 retweets) and conducted content analysis. Although the pro-vaccine influencers were more retweeted than anti-vaxxer ones, we observed that anti-vaccine movements were more succesful in framing discussions on Twitter. The subject of COVID-19 was the target of political polarization embedded in populist, anti-science and anti-traditional media discourses promoted by anti-vaxxers. As a counterpart, the pro-vaccine influencers reacted inarticulately, focusing on criticizing the anti-vaccination actors, attitudes, and policies instead of promoting vaccines. Based on reults, we claim that a well-coordinated network of health communicators from science centers and health institutions, in partnership with properly briefed social media influencers and fact-checking sources, would more efectively pre-tempt the public about vaccine misinformation.

Misinformation on social networks during the novel coronavirus pandemic: a quali-quantitative case study of Brazil.

BACKGROUND: One of the challenges posed by the novel coronavirus pandemic is the infodemic risk, that is, a huge amount of information being published on the topic, along with misinformation and rumours; with social media, this phenomenon is amplified, and it goes faster and further. Around 100 million people in Brazil (50% of the inhabitants) are users of social media networks - almost half of the country's population. Most of the information on the Internet is unregulated, and its quality remains questionable. METHODS: In this study, we examine the main characteristics of misinformation published on the topic. We analysed 232 pieces of misinformation published by the Brazilian fact-checking service "Agência Lupa". The following aspects of each news item were analysed: a) In what social media has it circulated?; b) What is the content classification, sentiment and type of misinformation?; d) Are there recurrent themes in the sample studied? RESULTS: Most were published on Facebook (76%), followed by WhatsApp, with 10% of total cases. Half of the stories (47%) are classified as "real-life", that is, the focus is on everyday situations, or circumstances involving people. Regarding the type of misinformation, there is a preponderance of fabricated content, with 53% of total, followed by false context (34%) and misleading content (13%). Wrong information was mostly published in text format (47%). We found that 92.9% of misinformation classified as "fabricated content" are "health tips", and 88.9% of "virtual scams" are also fabricated. CONCLUSION: Brazilian media and science communicators must understand the main characteristics of misinformation in social media about COVID-19, so that they can develop attractive, up-to-date and evidence-based content that helps to increase health literacy and counteract the spread of false information.

Spreading Ideas: TED Talks' Role in Cancer Communication and Public Engagement.

Technology, Entertainment, Design (TED) Talks have represented a broad source of health communication since 1984. However, to date, no studies exist on how this tool addresses the question of cancer. In this paper, we aim to illuminate two major issues: (1) Are TED Talks a good source for cancer communication? (2) How does the public respond to cancer-related TED Talk lectures? To this end, we searched for the keyword 'cancer' on the TED.com website in January 2018. All transcripts were obtained along with related information such as numbers of views, like and dislike rates. We also analysed a sample of 938 comments, corresponding to the 10 most relevant (if existing) regarding each video on TED.com and YouTube platforms. From the 49 videos pertaining to cancer, 33 were scientific-related, whereas 11 focused on speakers' personal experiences. Only three videos approached prevention themes of major relevance for cancer communication to broad audiences. Instead, they brought more therapy (16) and diagnosis (12) issues and often promoted exaggerated extrapolations of research results (20). Scientific lectures also made frequent use of a 'bad vs. good' duality discourse by criticizing current science/policies and then offering a solution/hope. Regarding the public response, non-scientific lectures had more negative votes than scientific counterparts. Moreover, the audience exhibited two major motivations to provide a comment: to judge the lectures and to share personal stories. We believe that our observations are of considerable relevance for helping in enhancing this tool as a substantial cancer communication source.

Esperança x sofrimento nas mídias sociais: o que motiva seguidores do Instagram a seguir a temática câncer? / Hope vs. suffering on social media: what motivates people on Instagram to follow topics in cancer? / Esperanza vs sufrimiento en las redes sociales: ¿ lo que motiva a los seguidores de Instagram a seguiren la temática del cáncer?

O câncer ainda é associado a dor, morte e sofrimento, e muitos cidadãos, com medo de um diagnóstico, adotam comportamento de esquiva de médicos e exames. Com o surgimento das mídias sociais, o tema tem sido tratado em plataformas como Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Youtube, entre outras. O objetivo deste estudo é averiguar se há um padrão de conteúdo sobre câncer que gere engajamento no aplicativo de imagens Instagram. Foram selecionados dois perfis brasileiros de instituições de câncer no Instagram, e um estudo qualitativo de análise de conteúdo de posts e comentários foi aplicado, sendo associado posteriormente a análises estatísticas. Foi selecionado todo o conteúdo de dois hospitais oncológicos brasileiros durante quatro anos, totalizando 1.935 postagens no Instagram. Além dos posts, buscamos entender o comportamento dos usuários dessas mídias quando o tema é câncer, por meio dos 2.239 comentários e dos 4.603 Emojis. Podemos afirmar que há interesse pelo tema, o qual é abordado sem preconceitos por internautas e que muitos buscam formas diferenciadas de gratificação no uso do aplicativo.

Cancer is a disease still associated with pain, death and suffering and many people, afraid of a diagnosis, adopt dodging behavior from doctors and tests. Despite this phenomenon as old as the disease, the emergence of social media has brought the topic to platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Youtube, among others. T77he goal of this study is to determine if there is a cancer content standard that creates more engagement on Instagram. Two Brazilian cancer institutions Instagram profiles were selected and a qualitative study of content analysis was applied, later associating it with statistical analysis. During four years, the entire contents of two Brazilian cancer hospitals were selected, totaling 1,935 posts on Instagram. In addition to the posts produced by the two institutions, we sought to understand user behavior on this media when the topic is cancer, through 2,239 comments and 4,603 Emojis. Given the fact that the two profiles attract about 120,000 users, we can affirm that there is interest on the topic, Internet users address the topic with no prejudice and many seek different ways of gratification using the app.

El cáncer es una enfermedad aún asociada al dolor, muerte y sufrimiento y muchos ciudadanos, con miedo de un diagnóstico, adoptan comportamiento de esquiva de médicos y exámenes. A pesar de ese fenómeno tan antiguo cuanto a la enfermedad, el surgimiento de las Redes Sociales trajo el tema a plataformas como Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Youtube, entre otras. El objetivo de este estudio es averiguar si hay un estándar de contenido sobre cáncer que genera engagement en la aplicación de imágenes Instagram. Dos perfiles brasileños de instituciones de cáncer en el Instagram fueran seleccionados y un estudio cualitativo de análisis de contenido de posts y comentarios fue aplicado, asociado posteriormente a análisis estadísticos. Durante cuatro años, fue seleccionado todo el contenido de dos hospitales oncológicos brasileños, totalizando 1.935 posts en el Instagram. Además de los posts producidos por las dos instituciones, buscamos entender el comportamiento de los usuarios de esos medios cuando el tema es cáncer, a través de 2.239 comentarios y de 4.603 Emojis. Ante los dos perfiles que atraen a cerca de 120 mil usuarios, podemos afirmar que hay interés por el tema, que el tema es abordado sin prejuicios por internautas y que muchos buscan formas diferenciadas de gratificación en el uso de la aplicación.

How to Optimize Health Messages About Cancer on Facebook: Mixed-Methods Study.

BACKGROUND: Incidence rate of cancer is increasing worldwide, with longer life expectancy being one of the main causes. Yet, between 30% and 50% of cancer cases are preventable, and early detection contributes to a better prognosis. This makes health communication strategies essential. Facebook, the world's most used social networking site in 2017 and 2018, can be a useful tool for disseminating powerful messages on health promotion, prevention, and early detection. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to (1) offer ways of optimizing health messages about cancer on Facebook, focusing on topics, such as risk factors, prevention, treatment, early diagnosis, and cure, and (2) investigate which aspects of these messages generate greater engagement. METHODS: To verify what generates greater engagement in topics related to cancer on Facebook, we analyzed 16 Brazilian pages with the main theme of cancer. We performed a manual analysis of texts, content, and engagement rates. Finally, we developed a software program to operationalize the analysis of Facebook posts. The tool we devised aims to automate the analysis of any Facebook page with cancer as the main theme. RESULTS: We analyzed 712 posts over a 1-month period. We divided the posts into the following 8 categories: "Testimonies or real-life stories," "Solidarity," "Anniversaries," "Science and health," "Events," "Institutional," "Risk factors," and "Beauty." The pages were also organized into groups according to the type of profile to which they belonged (ie, hospitals or foundations, informative, nongovernmental organizations, and personal pages).The results showed that the categories generating greater engagement in Brazil were not those with the highest percentage of cancer-related content. For instance, in the "Informative" group the "Testimonies or real-life stories" category generated an engagement of 79.5%. However, only 9.5% (25/261) of the content within the relevant time period dealt with such topics. Another example concerns the category "Science and health." Despite being the one with the highest number of posts (129/261, 49.4%), it scored 5th in terms of engagement. This investigation served as the basis for the development of a tool designed to automate the analysis of Facebook pages. The list of categories and keywords generated by this analysis was employed to feed the system, which was then able to categorize posts appearing on a Facebook page. We tested the system on 163 posts and only 34 were classified incorrectly, which amounts to a 20.8% error rate (79.2% accuracy). CONCLUSIONS: The analysis we conducted by categorizing posts and calculating engagement rates shows that the potential of Facebook pages is often underutilized. This occurs because the categories that generate the greatest engagement are often not those most frequently used. The software developed in this research may help administrators of cancer-related pages analyze their posts more easily and increase public interest as a result.

Functional foods and cancer on Pinterest and PubMed: myths and science.

AIM: This article examines whether social media postings dealing with cancer and so-called 'functional foods' simply reflect a fashionable subject or are based on scientific evidence. METHODS: The first step consisted of an analysis of a sample of Pins published on Pinterest. The second consisted of an analysis to determine whether the content of the Pins was based on scientific research. RESULTS: From a set of 507 Pins on cancer, we found 204 that also dealt with food. We selected 75 Pins representing different foods and we identified about 80,000 scientific articles on cancer and food indexed in PubMed. CONCLUSION: We concluded that material published on Pinterest has some correlation with the scientific literature.

Beyond the Drama: the Beautiful Life in News Feeds on Cancer.

Facebook is one of the main communication tools in the world nowadays. In Brazil, it is used for almost half of the population. Knowing what is conveyed about cancer by this social network can be an important step for the development of efficient health communication strategies. We evaluate Facebook user's comments on pages about cancer; verify if there is a pattern of public awareness on the disease and compare it with results from other studies. Three pages about cancer on Facebook were selected among those with more followers in Brazil. For 6 months, from January to June 2014, all posts were selected and evaluated, and we created eight categories. On each page, the categories that generated most comments were elected for the second analysis. The behavior of empowered citizens by new communication tools is the target of this study. Similarities and differences between 12,926 comments coming from 1243 posts in three different Facebook pages on cancer were analyzed. Four new categories were identified: "religion," "positive," "negative," and "information." Despite the differences among the three pages selected for this study, we observed the predominance of positive speeches associated with religious terms. Following public perceptions on cancer is an important step for the development of efficient health communication strategies.

Voices About a Stigma: Cancer in the Opinion of Three Different Segments in Brazilian Society.

The viewpoints of Brazilian opinion leaders regarding cancer are not yet well defined. Examining public perceptions of three segments of society through a qualitative study may provide clues to understanding the negative view that the population still has about the disease. Journalists, scientists and teachers participated in discussions in six focus group sessions. The findings were studied using the content analysis method, showing similar elements among these professionals, regardless of area of operation. We identified a negative view that may be contributing to or mirroring the vision of society that associates the illness with death and suffering. Although these opinion leaders believe they are able to filter certain negative aspects of media dissemination about cancer, when the disease affects them personally, the feeling of despair resembles common sense. Words such as "cure" are viewed with prejudice. On the other hand, a morbid approach arouses interest on the subject. It was also noted that the disclosure of a celebrity with cancer stands out as a decoy in the consumption of news. Such distortions may support actions that enhance communication about cancer, structured on pillars such as prevention, early diagnosis and cure.

Imprensa versus opinião pública: o câncer na capa de cinco jornais brasileiros / The press versus public opinion: cancer on the cover of five brazilian newspapers / La prensa versus la opinión pública: el cáncer en la tapa de cinco periódicos brasileños

Introdução: O câncer é uma das doenças mais temidas da atualidade. Pesquisa realizada pelo Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva mostrou que o brasileiro associa câncer à dor e a sofrimento. A Organização Mundial da Saúde afirma que as chances de cura são elevadas, se houver um diagnóstico precoce. Nesse sentido, a imprensa pode desempenhar um papel importante, pois contribui na formação de opiniões e atitudes. Objetivo: Este trabalho objetiva investigar como cinco jornais do Brasil divulgam a temática "câncer" em suas primeiras páginas. Método: Esta é uma pesquisa de caráter descritivo-exploratória e foi desenvolvida apoiada no paradigma quanti-qualitativo. Foram analisadas 45 notícias que contêm o termo câncer e apresentam chamadas na primeira página de cinco jornais brasileiros, entre janeiro e julho de 2010. Essas reportagens foram agrupadas em referência mínima e foco em câncer. Desenvolveu-se uma avaliação de caráter otimista/neutro/pessimista do câncer em todas as reportagens estudadas, a partir do estudo de palavras-chave. Resultados: 17,77% das reportagens apresentavam caráter otimista, 66,66% eram neutras e 15,55%, negativas. Das reportagens que fazem referência mínima à doença, 81,5% têm caráter neutro ou otimista; e, entre aquelas sobre câncer, 88% têm caráter neutro ou otimista. Conclusão: A maior parte dessas reportagens possui um enfoque que contrasta com a visão negativa predominante na população. Políticas de saúde pública devem estar atreladas a uma cobertura pela imprensa mais ampla e regular sobre a doença.

Introduction: Cancer is one of the most feared diseases in current days. Research carried out by the National Cancer Institute José Alencar Gomes da Silva showed that Brazilians associate cancer to pain and suffering. The World Health Organization claims that the chances of cure are high if there is an early diagnosis. In this sense, the press plays an important role because it helps to shape opinions and attitudes. Objective: This article aims to investigate how five newspapers in Brazil disclose cancer on their front pages. Method: This is descriptive, exploratory research and was developed based on the quantitative and qualitative paradigm. We analyzed 45 news stories that contain the word 'cancer' and appear on the front page of five Brazilian newspapers, between January and July 2010. These news stories were split into two groups: 'minimum reference' and 'focus on cancer'. We evaluated the positive/neutral/negative content in all investigated texts, studying the keywords that represent those qualities. Results: 17.77% of the news stories are of a positive character; 66.66% are neutral and 15.5% are negative. Considering the news that make a minimum reference to the disease, 81.5% are of a neutral or optimistic character. Considering those whose main subject is cancer, 88% are of a neutral or optimistic character. Conclusion: Most of the news stories studied have an approach that contrasts with the negative view prevalent in the population. Public health policies need to be linked with broader and regular press coverage about the disease.

Introducción: El cáncer es una de las enfermedades más temidas en la actualidad. Una investigación realizada por el Instituto Nacional de Cáncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva demostró, que el brasileño relaciona el cáncer al dolor y al sufrimiento. La Organización Mundial de la Salud informa que las posibilidades de cura son altas cuando el diagnóstico es precoz. En este sentido, los medios de comunicación pueden desempeñar un papel importante, pues contribuyen a la formación de opiniones y actitudes. Objetivo: Este artículo tiene como objetivo investigar como cinco periódicos en Brasil divulgan el cáncer en sus portadas. Método: Este es un estudio de investigación descriptivo y exploratorio. Se analizaron 45 noticias que contienen la palabra 'cáncer' y presenten citas en la primera página de cinco periódicos brasileños. Las noticias fueron agrupadas en dos grupos: 'referencia mínima' y 'foco en cáncer'. Desarrolló una evaluación del contenido optimista/neutro/pesimista del cáncer en todas las noticias estudiadas, a partir de la investigación de palabras clave. Resultados: 17,77% de los reportajes tenían un carácter optimista; 66,66% eran neutrales y 15,55%, negativos. Considerando los reportajes que hacen referencia mínima a la enfermedad, 81,5% tienen carácter neutro u optimista; entre los reportajes sobre cáncer, 88% tienen carácter neutro u optimista. Conclusión: La mayoría de los reportajes tiene un enfoque que contrasta con la visión negativa prevalente en la población. Políticas de salud pública deben estar vinculadas a una cobertura de prensa más amplia y regular sobre la enfermedad.

Reflexões sobre o Ensino online de Biossegurança à luz da Teoria da Aprendizagem Significativa / Reflections on the online learning of Biosafety based in the meaningful learning

Organizar eventos educacionais, com foco na aprendizagem, exige articulação entre planejamento, processo de ensino e avaliação. O presente manuscrito objetiva avaliar a estruturação pedagógica e os resultados no QBA/Online – curso de Biossegurança a distância, inserido no Moodle, oferecido aos ingressos do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz – à luz da Teoria da Aprendizagem Significativa (TAS), para identificar oportunidades de melhorias. Na pesquisa qualitativa, foram considerados os dados de 2760 participantes, de 2008 a 2014. A média de participação anual foi de 460, com predominância de alunos (40%). No planejamento, não foi utilizada uma fundamentação teórica-metodológica, mas considerados os aspectos contextuais do ensino e a natureza do conhecimento a ser ensinado. O conteúdo está em 12 textos. O maior índice de acertos nos testes foi de 18 questões, no único instrumento de avaliação da aprendizagem, com 20 perguntas, centradas nos temas dos textos. O curso foi bem avaliado pelos alunos. A flexibilidade do tempo/local está dentre os pontos positivos e a quantidade/tamanho dos textos, nos negativos. O diagnóstico ratificou a relevância de um curso online; necessidade de reorganização do material instrucional; e de oferta de estratégias de ensino para estimular o interesse dos alunos (AU)

Organizing educational events, focusing on learning, requires disposition between planning, teaching process and evaluation. This manuscrip tintent to evaluate pedagogical format and results in QBA/Online – distance learning course on Biosafety, accessed in Moodle platform, off ered to graduates from Oswaldo Cruz Institute – based in the Meaningful Learning Theory as to enlighten opportunities for improvement. A qualitative inquiry was performed, with 2760 participants and registered in the system, from 2008 to 2014. The average annual contribution is 460, with a predominance of students (40%). With regard toplanning, theoretical-methodological were not considered, only contextual aspects of education and the concepts of knowledge to be taught/instructed. Twelve texts were assigned. Thehighest scores rates in tests reached 18 questions, the only instrument for assessing learning, whichhas 20 questions, focusing on themes of current texts. The course was well rated by those who completed the evaluation form. Participants highlighted as positive aspects; flexibility as to time/place and as negative the large number of texts and its sizes. The analysis confirmed the benefits of online tool; the need to rearrange institutional material; and providing teaching strategies to encourage students’ interest (AU)

Reflexões sobre o ensino online de Biossegurança à luz da Teoria da Aprendizagem Significativa / Reflections on the online learning of Biosafety based in the meaningful learning

Organizar eventos educacionais, com foco na aprendizagem, exige articulação entre planejamento, processo de ensino e avaliação. O presente manuscrito objetiva avaliar a estruturação pedagógica e os resultados no QBA/Online ­ curso de Biossegurança a distância, inserido no Moodle, oferecido aos ingressos do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz ­ à luz da Teoria da Aprendizagem Significativa (TAS), para identificar oportunidades de melhorias. Na pesquisa qualitativa, foram considerados os dados de 2760 participantes, de 2008 a 2014. A média de participação anual foi de 460, com predominância de alunos (40%). No planejamento, não foi utilizada uma fundamentação teórica-metodológica, mas considerados os aspectos contextuais do ensino e a natureza do conhecimento a ser ensinado. O conteúdo está em 12 textos. O maior índice de acertos nos testes foi de 18 questões, no único instrumento de avaliação da aprendizagem, com 20 perguntas, centradas nos temas dos textos. O curso foi bem avaliado pelos alunos. A flexibilidade do tempo/local está dentre os pontos positivos e a quantidade/tamanho dos textos, nos negativos. O diagnóstico ratificou a relevância de um curso online; necessidade de reorganização do material instrucional; e de oferta de estratégias de ensino para estimular o interesse dos alunos

Organizing educational events, focusing on learning, requires disposition between planning, teaching process and evaluation. This manuscrip tintent to evaluate pedagogical format and results in QBA/Online ­ distance learning course on Biosafety, accessed in Moodle platform, off ered to graduates from Oswaldo Cruz Institute ­ based in the Meaningful Learning Theory as to enlighten opportunities for improvement. A qualitative inquiry was performed, with 2760 participants and registered in the system, from 2008 to 2014. The average annual contribution is 460, with a predominance of students (40%). With regard toplanning, theoretical-methodological were not considered, only contextual aspects of education and the concepts of knowledge to be taught/instructed. Twelve texts were assigned. Thehighest scores rates in tests reached 18 questions, the only instrument for assessing learning, whichhas 20 questions, focusing on themes of current texts. The course was well rated by those who completed the evaluation form. Participants highlighted as positive aspects; flexibility as to time/place and as negative the large number of texts and its sizes. The analysis confirmed the benefits of online tool; the need to rearrange institutional material; and providing teaching strategies to encourage students' interest

Álcool e câncer: análise da percepção de uma amostra da população pormeio da ferramenta SurveyMonkey® / Alcohol and cancer: perception analysis of a population sample through SurveyMonkey® / Alcohol y cáncer: análisis de la percepción de una muestra de lapoblación a través de la herramienta SurveyMonkey®

Cerca de 90 a 95% de todos os tipos de câncer estão associados ao estilo de vida, sendo que um terço se correlaciona à alimentação, incluindo bebidas alcoólicas. Neste estudo, procuramos identificar a percepção pública de brasileiros sobre álcool e câncer. Foi realizada uma pesquisa construída com o auxílio da ferramenta online SurveyMonkey® divulgada pelo Facebook®. A amostra contou com 231 participantes entre 13 e 45anos, de 25 diferentes estados brasileiros e de todas as classes sociais. A maioria dos participantes (83%) acredita que a propaganda de bebidas alcóolicas influencia os outros, mas não a si próprios (87%). Baseadonos resultados, sugerimos uma estratégia de comunicação em saúde...

Approximately 90-95% of all cancers are associated with lifestyle, and a third of them is correlated to food,including alcohol consumption. In this study, we try to identify public perception of Brazilian alcohol consumptionand cancer. We did a survey constructed with an online tool: the SurveyMonkey® and announcedby Facebook®. The sample included 231 participants between 13 and 45 years old, from 25 different Brazilianstates and from all social classes. Brazilian people (83%) believe that alcohol advertisements influenceothers, but not themselves (87%). Based on the results, we suggest a strategy for health communication...

Aproximadamente 90 a 95% de todos los cánceres están asociados con el estilo de vida, y un tercio serelaciona con los alimentos, incluidas las bebidas alcohólicas. Este estudio trata de identificar la percepciónpública de los brasileños acerca del alcohol y del cáncer. Se realizó una búsqueda construida con la ayuda dela herramienta online SurveyMonkey® lanzada por el Facebook®. La muestra incluyó 231 participantesentre 13 y 45 años, procedentes de 25 estados brasileños diferentes y de todas las clases sociales. La mayoríade los participantes (83%) cree que la publicidad de la bebida alcohólica afecta a los demás, pero no a símismos (87%). Con base en los resultados, sugerimos una estrategia de comunicación en salud...

Capacitação para quê? O que pensam conselheiros de saúde da região Sudeste / Training for what? What health counselors in the Southeastern region think about the topic

Comunidade de prática (CoP) é um termo recente e que se aplica a indivíduos que compartilham um objetivo comum que pode englobar desde uma temática específica, um problema ou uma paixão, sendo o aprendizado em conjunto e o sentimento de pertença os diferenciais dessa teoria que pode refletir, positivamente, na aquisição de conhecimento como um processo participativo. Este artigo procura averiguar a pertinência da construção de uma comunidade de prática para conselheiros de saúde dentro da política do Sistema Único (SUS) de valorizar a participação popular. Nesta direção, investigamos a opinião de 108 conselheiros de saúde da região Sudeste do país e com acesso à Internet. Qual é a visão deles sobre a estruturação e capacitação dentro dos Conselhos de Saúde? E o que acreditam seja importante para melhorar sua atuação dentro dos Conselhos?.

Community of Practice (CoP) is a recent term that applies to individuals who share a common goal that can range from a specific theme, a problem or a passion, whereby learning together and the feeling of belonging to the differentials of this theory can reflect positively on the acquisition of knowledge as a participatory process. This article seeks to ascertain the relevance of building a community of practice for health counselors within the policy of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) to enhance popular participation. In this respect, the opinions of 108 health counselors with Internet access in the Southeast of the country were investigated. What are their views on the structure and training within the Health Councils? And what do they consider to be important in order to enhance their performance within the Councils?.

[Training for what? What health counselors in the Southeastern region think about the topic]. / Capacitação para quê? O que pensam conselheiros de saúde da região Sudeste.

Community of Practice (CoP) is a recent term that applies to individuals who share a common goal that can range from a specific theme, a problem or a passion, whereby learning together and the feeling of belonging to the differentials of this theory can reflect positively on the acquisition of knowledge as a participatory process. This article seeks to ascertain the relevance of building a community of practice for health counselors within the policy of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) to enhance popular participation. In this respect, the opinions of 108 health counselors with Internet access in the Southeast of the country were investigated. What are their views on the structure and training within the Health Councils? And what do they consider to be important in order to enhance their performance within the Councils?

“Encruzilhadas. O jogo da sua vida”: desenvolvimento de instrumento lúdico na prevenção ao câncer / “Crossroads. The Game of your Life”: the Development of a Playful tool to Prevent Cancer / “Encrucijadas. El Juego de su Vida": Desarrollo de Herramienta Lúdica en laPrevención del Cáncer

Introdução: Segundo o Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva, cerca de 80% dos casos de câncer estão atrelados a fatores de risco extrínsecos e, de acordo com pesquisas aplicadas pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística em todo o território nacional, é alto o número de adolescentes que se expõem a esses fatores. Outros estudos mostram que os adolescentes sabem muito pouco sobre câncer e os fatores de risco mais associados ao seu desenvolvimento. Objetivo: Descrever a criação e a avaliação de um instrumento lúdico para esclarecimento dos jovens acerca da importância da prevenção ao câncer. Método: Foi desenvolvido um livro-jogo do tipo role-playing game, intitulado “Encruzilhadas. O jogo da sua vida”, e avaliada sua utilização como instrumento educacional alternativoatravés da aplicação da técnica de grupos focais. Resultados: O livro-jogo “Encruzilhadas” contêm 332 referências que narram situações comuns do dia a dia dos jovens, evidenciando os diversos momentos em que esses se expõem a fatores de risco em câncer. Para avaliar a eficácia desse instrumento, foram realizados seis grupos focais com jovens de uma escola municipal do Rio de Janeiro. Conclusão: A avaliação mostrou que o material desenvolvido é capaz de provocar o questionamento dos jovens no que diz respeito ao câncer, aos fatores de risco e aos meios de prevenção, além de facilitar o entendimento e a assimilação do conteúdo apresentado.

[The importance of the contextual approach in the teaching of biosafety]. / A importância da abordagem contextual no ensino de biossegurança.

Biosafety is a field of knowledge that raises questions geared to genetically modified organisms that are linked to social and job-related employee protection. The educational process involves seeking to create a participative and transforming agent and must therefore transcend the simple concept of teaching. Thus, it is important to contextualize biosafety within a constructive teaching strategy by identification of its core concepts - risk, hazard and accident - which allows each individual to understand how risk is perceived within society and dealt with in academia in order to add multiple skills to tackle the situation. Understanding how the relationship between work and health and its consequences and effects are constructed over the course of time, makes it possible to train more critical and well prepared citizens to participate in decisions of a political and social nature that can influence their future.

Perfis das notícias sobre o câncer no correio da manhã e no the New York times nos anos 1931-1932 e 1948-1949 / Profiles of cancer news in correio da manhã and the New York times newspapers during the years 1931-1932 and 1948-1949

Introdução: No início do século passado, o câncer já se caracterizava como uma das doenças crônico-degenerativasmais letais e começou a demandar mais atenção dos governos. Portanto, alguns países empreenderam novas medidas políticas, como o aumento de investimentos científicos em busca de uma cura. Objetivo: Este artigo procura evidenciar as características dos conteúdos das matérias jornalísticas sobre o câncer nos jornais brasileiro e norte-americano Correio da Manhã e The New York Times, nas décadas de 1930 e 1940, através da análise das notícias publicadas em quatro anos selecionados (1931, 1932, 1948 e 1949). Método: Foram realizadas pesquisas no acervo documental da Biblioteca Nacional e no acervo digital do The New York Times. Em paralelo, também foi realizada uma análise do que foi publicado sobre o tema câncer nos periódicos científicos, acessível através do portal do PubMed, durante a mesma época. Resultados: Enquanto, no Correio da Manhã, foram identificadas 56 reportagens sobre o tema no período estudado, no jornal americano, foram identificadas 540 notícias, ou seja, quantidade praticamente dez vezes superior. Conclusão: Os achados demonstram uma imprensa brasileira tímida e, por vezes ingênua, diante de promessas de curas milagrosas, como pomadas contra o câncer de pele. Enquanto isso, a mídia norte-americana priorizava abordagens sobre investimentos para a pesquisa da doença, destacava as conferências de cientistas especialistas no assunto e até o uso de experimentação animal na pesquisa do câncer; embora, em certas ocasiões, também tenha apostado em inovações científicas que a história mostrou como iniciativas infrutíferas.

A importância da abordagem contextual no ensino de biossegurança / The importance of the contextual approach in the teaching of biosafety

A biossegurança é um campo do conhecimento que insere questões voltadas para organismos geneticamente modificados e relacionadas à proteção social e ocupacional do trabalhador. O seu processo educativo visa à formação de um agente participativo-transformador e, portanto, deve ultrapassar a simples ideia da normalização. Dessa forma, é importante contextualizar a biossegurança dentro de uma estratégia de ensino construtivista com a identificação dos seus conceitos estruturantes - risco, perigo e acidente - que permitam ao indivíduo compreender como o risco é percebido na sociedade e enfocado na academia para, em seguida, agregar múltiplas competências e enfrentá-lo. Conhecer como as relações de trabalho-saúde, suas implicações e impactos vem sendo construídas ao longo do tempo, pode formar um cidadão mais crítico e preparado para participar das decisões de ordem político-social que podem influenciar o seu futuro.

Biosafety is a field of knowledge that raises questions geared to genetically modified organisms that are linked to social and job-related employee protection. The educational process involves seeking to create a participative and transforming agent and must therefore transcend the simple concept of teaching. Thus, it is important to contextualize biosafety within a constructive teaching strategy by identification of its core concepts - risk, hazard and accident - which allows each individual to understand how risk is perceived within society and dealt with in academia in order to add multiple skills to tackle the situation. Understanding how the relationship between work and health and its consequences and effects are constructed over the course of time, makes it possible to train more critical and well prepared citizens to participate in decisions of a political and social nature that can influence their future.